O que a base de dados regista, como cada entrada foi codificada, que grau de confiança lhe é atribuído e como as versões evoluíram. As definições das variáveis são apresentadas em inglês, a língua da grelha de codificação.
| Versão | Data | Cobertura | Alterações |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.6 | 26 de setembro de 2026 | 34 conjuntos de dados · 14.848 entradas · 2 regiões | Leader-name standardisation: eight leaders recorded under two spellings are merged to one canonical spelling each (29 cells in the master; e.g. Kumba Yalá → Kumba Iala, Hannah Tetteh → Hanna Tetteh), so the published data now counts 578 distinct leaders. No other values change. Codebook v5.2. The website adds an Insights page, a Releases page and, for registered users, a Leaders section: a profile page for every leader, a leader comparison view and CSV / Excel downloads of each leader's records. |
| 1.5 | 22 de setembro de 2026 | 34 conjuntos de dados · 14.848 entradas · 2 regiões | Reconciliation of the team-coded West Africa cleaned master (413 new records, 588 enrichments and corrections to existing ones) and the West Africa COLT completeness closure. The published site is refocused on the two systematically coded regions — Eastern and Western Africa, 34 states; the master workbook retains the other regions outside the published scope. Codebook v5.1. |
| 1.4 | 4 de setembro de 2026 | 46 conjuntos de dados · 19.293 entradas · 5 regiões | Continental consolidation: the Northern, Southern and Central Africa modules join the file, every state is now systematically coded, and the whole dataset is cross-verified against the COLT corpus. The file grows from 4,382 to 19,293 entries; all 46 states gain a full country profile; codebook v5.0. |
| 1.3 | 2 de setembro de 2026 | 46 conjuntos de dados · 4.382 entradas · 5 regiões | Same rows as 1.2. The machine-readable codebook is republished without coder identities; the website gained the Data & Methods page, the accessibility statement, embeddable cards and charts, and a Zenodo DOI in every citation. |
| 1.2 | 24 de agosto de 2026 | 46 conjuntos de dados · 4.382 entradas · 5 regiões | Dataset-wide normalisation of labels, names and venues; semantic vetting passes closed; ten incidentally coded groups added as map-only datasets. |
| 1.1 | 17 de agosto de 2026 | 36 conjuntos de dados · 4.361 entradas · 5 regiões | Second team-form import: 677 submitted rows, 495 accepted after de-duplication and re-orientation of inbound entries. |
| 1.0 | 22 de junho de 2026 | — | First public release of the database and the interactive map. |
Cada linha é um contacto internacional — visita presencial, chamada telefónica ou videoconferência — de um chefe de Estado, chefe de governo ou ministro dos Negócios Estrangeiros de um país africano, entre 1990 e 2025. Cada contacto é descrito por 59 variáveis em oito blocos: identificação do ator, o próprio evento, delegação e interlocutores, atividades à margem, substância das discussões, acordos assinados, ciclo de vida desses acordos, e avaliação, fontes e proveniência.
O mapa interativo, os perfis de países e o ficheiro data.json descarregável incluem todos os campos exceto quatro: as notas livres dos codificadores, a identidade do codificador, o grau de confiança e os URL das fontes. Estes acompanham o conjunto de dados completo, que os utilizadores registados obtêm no Arquivo; são excluídos da cópia pública para proteger os codificadores e evitar que as ligações às fontes sejam extraídas fora de contexto.
Como quinta e última fase do processo de codificação, os nossos resultados são cruzados com o conjunto de dados independente Country and Organization Leader Travel (COLT) do Frederick S. Pardee Institute for International Futures (Universidade de Denver): os registos comuns são comparados deslocação a deslocação, cada divergência é reexaminada a partir das fontes originais, e as correções confirmadas são reintegradas na base de dados antes da publicação.
Moyer, Jonathan D., Collin J. Meisel, Austin S. Matthews, Whitney Doran, Andrew Scott, Marianne Hughes, Anjali T. Martin, Alexandra Kurkul, and Kylie McKee. 2024. “Country and Organization Leader Travel (COLT) Codebook.” Version 2.6. Frederick S. Pardee Institute for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, Denver, CO.
Escala ordinal de cinco níveis que classifica a base probatória de uma entrada. A versão atual usa apenas os dois níveis mais elevados — Explicit (10 041 entradas) e Implied (4 807) no perfil v5.2; os três níveis inferiores estão definidos por completude e não são usados.
| Nível | Significado |
|---|---|
| Explicit | The fact is directly and unambiguously stated in a source. |
| Implied | Strongly supported by, but not literally stated in, the source(s). |
| Assumed | Inferred from context / standard practice without direct evidence. |
| Guessed | Low-evidence best estimate. |
| Dubious | Recorded but of doubtful reliability; flagged for review. |
As 22 categorias observadas, com o número de entradas em que cada uma aparece no perfil v5.2 (uma entrada pode ter várias).
| Categoria | Entradas |
|---|---|
| Diplomacy and Foreign Relations | 14.274 |
| Regional Organizations and Multilateral Affairs | 7.342 |
| Trade and Economic Relations | 2.765 |
| Security and Defense | 652 |
| Development and Aid | 513 |
| International Conflicts and Crises | 398 |
| Peace and Security | 134 |
| Peace Negotiations and Mediation | 129 |
| Symbolic and Ceremonial Issues | 122 |
| Environment and Climate Change | 115 |
| Financial and Monetary Issues | 95 |
| Infrastructure and Connectivity | 93 |
| Energy | 86 |
| Terrorism and Counterterrorism | 59 |
| Human Rights and Governance | 56 |
| Education and Culture | 55 |
| Health | 54 |
| Agriculture and Food Security | 43 |
| Maritime and Territorial Issues | 30 |
| Domestic Political Matters | 20 |
| Migration and Human Mobility | 17 |
| Science, Technology and Innovation | 15 |
Os acordos assinados são classificados em quatro famílias, cada uma com o seu próprio campo de tipo. Os vocabulários de tipos derivam dos dados e crescem com o ficheiro.
As 59 variáveis pela ordem da folha, agrupadas em oito blocos. O número Q é o do questionário no cabeçalho da coluna; o nome curto é o nome de campo legível por máquina. As coberturas e contagens de valores provêm do perfil v5.2 de 14 848 entradas.
Macro-region of Africa under which the home actor is classified. The published database covers the two systematically coded regions: Eastern Africa (nineteen states, Somaliland included) and Western Africa (the full fifteen-member ECOWAS belt) — thirty-four home states in total.
Sovereign state (or de facto state) the travelling / engaging leader represents (the sending actor). Thirty-four home actors across the two regions, all systematically coded.
Official office held by the home actor at the time of the engagement. Free office label drawn from an open list; 31 distinct values clustering on heads of state/government and senior ministers.
Nota: All 31 distinct office labels are listed; the tail comprises single- to triple-count ministerial and military-chief titles.
Personal name of the home actor. High-cardinality identifier (578 distinct individuals across the period).
Valores: 578 distinct. Most frequent: Paul Kagame (543), Yoweri Kaguta Museveni (541), Robert Mugabe (490), Abdoulaye Wade (337), Macky Sall (336), Olusegun Obasanjo (324), Faure Gnassingbé (320), Alassane Ouattara (274), Blaise Compaoré (267), Thomas Boni Yayi (262), Umaro Sissoco Embaló (256), Nana Akufo-Addo (224).
Modality of the engagement: an in-person trip, a telephone call, or a video conference.
Counterpart / host country of the engagement (destination of a visit, or the country of the interlocutor for a call or video conference).
Valores: 157 distinct. Most frequent: United States of America (1,574), France (740), Nigeria (678), Ethiopia (673), South Africa (497), Tanzania (407), Kenya (394), United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (358), Ghana (352), Côte d'Ivoire (352), Senegal (335), Libya (334).
Nota: Country labels use long-form controlled values (e.g. “Russian Federation”, “Türkiye”, “United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”).
City in which the engagement took place (for calls, typically the interlocutor’s seat).
Valores: 397 distinct. Most frequent: New York (1,182), Paris (669), Addis Ababa (667), Abuja (647), Nairobi (389), Washington (378), Accra (351), Abidjan (344), Dar es Salaam (340), Dakar (335), London (319), Beijing (304).
First day of the engagement. Stored as text in US MM/DD/YYYY order.
Valores: Range 01/01/1990 → 12/30/2025. All 14,848 values parse as valid dates.
Last day of the engagement (equal to the start date for single-day events).
Valores: Range 01/01/1990 → 12/30/2025. All 14,848 values parse as valid dates.
Whether another head of government/state from the home country travelled together with the actor (joint travel).
Whether the actor met the host country’s head of government/state.
Name (with title) of the host head of government/state met. Conditional on Q11 = Yes (skip otherwise).
Valores: 831 distinct, e.g. Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution Muammar al-Qaddafi (168), President Emmanuel Macron (130), President Yoweri Museveni (107), President Omar al-Bashir (99), President Jacques Chirac (83), President Paul Kagame (83).
Whether the actor met a sub-head-of-government counterpart of the host (e.g. a foreign or other senior minister) rather than the HoG/S.
Name (with title) of the host-country sub-HoG/S counterpart met. Conditional on Q13 = Yes.
Valores: 249 distinct, e.g. Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov (16), Foreign Minister Wang Yi (13), Premier Li Keqiang (11), Prime Minister Narendra Modi (9), Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan (8).
Whether the engagement included attendance at a multilateral (heads-level) summit or event.
Name of the multilateral summit/event attended. Conditional on Q15 = Yes.
Valores: 2,329 distinct, e.g. African Union (AU) Summit (642), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Summit (599), Southern African Development Community (SADC) Summit (182), Organization of African Unity (OAU) Summit (122), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Summit (97).
Whether the engagement included a multilateral event at ministerial (sub-heads) level.
Name of the ministerial multilateral event. Conditional on Q17 = Yes.
Valores: 102 distinct, e.g. Foreign Minister Wang Yi (6), Trilateral Talks on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) Ethiopia–Sudan–Egypt Foreign Ministers’ Meeting (4), Ethiopia–Egypt–Sudan GERD Negotiations (3), A joint ministerial commission (2).
Whether the actor met a head of government/state of a third country (not the host), typically on the sidelines of a multilateral event.
Name(s) of third-country HoG/S met. Multiple names may be listed in one cell. Conditional on Q19 = Yes.
Valores: 665 distinct, e.g. President Omar al-Bashir (45), President Paul Kagame (31), President Yoweri Museveni (21), President Daniel arap Moi (12).
Whether the actor delivered a public address / speech during the engagement.
Whether the engagement included a visit to, or address at, a cultural, historical or religious site or event.
Whether the actor met business / private-sector leaders.
Whether the actor met the head of an international organisation.
Name (with title/organisation) of the international-organisation leader met. Conditional on Q24 = Yes.
Valores: 184 distinct, e.g. United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (51), United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Kofi Annan (47), European Council President Charles Michel (32), United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Antonio Guterres (29).
One or more thematic categories describing what was discussed. Stored as a comma-separated list drawn from a controlled vocabulary of 22 categories (full list and frequencies in §6.1).
Valores: 539 distinct combinations of the 22 base categories. Most frequent single category: Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (present in 14,274 records).
Master gate: whether any agreement was signed during the engagement. Opens the four agreement-family blocks (Q28–Q42).
Whether a high-level political (treaty-level) instrument was signed — peace, alliance and boundary treaties, community accession/establishment treaties and founding conventions, and formal diplomatic-relations instruments.
Sub-type of the high-level political instrument. Conditional on Q28 = Yes. The type vocabulary is data-derived and richer than the original three treaty types.
Official / descriptive title of the high-level political instrument (e.g. “Algiers Agreement (Eritrea–Ethiopia)”, “Pretoria Agreement”, “R-ARCSS”). Conditional on Q28 = Yes.
Free-text notes on the high-level political instrument (scope, signing context, dates).
Whether an economics-related agreement was signed.
Sub-type of the economics agreement. Conditional on Q32 = Yes.
Title of the economics agreement (e.g. BITs, lines of credit, LAPSSET Corridor agreements, TFTA). Conditional on Q32 = Yes.
Free-text notes on the economics agreement (value, parties, verification source).
Whether a functional-cooperation agreement was signed.
Sub-type of the functional-cooperation agreement. Conditional on Q36 = Yes.
Title of the functional-cooperation agreement. Conditional on Q36 = Yes.
Free-text notes on the functional-cooperation agreement.
Whether a technical/administrative agreement was signed.
Sub-type of the technical/administrative agreement. Conditional on Q40 = Yes.
Title of the technical/administrative agreement. Conditional on Q40 = Yes.
Free-text notes on the technical/administrative agreement.
Whether a signed agreement remains provisional (not yet entered into force). “N/A” marks records with no agreement.
Signature date of a provisional agreement (MM/DD/YYYY). Sparsely populated.
Whether the agreement has been ratified. “N/A” marks records with no agreement.
Ratification date (MM/DD/YYYY). Conditional on Q46 = Yes; sparsely populated.
Whether the agreement has been terminated. “N/A” marks records with no agreement.
Termination date (MM/DD/YYYY). One value present.
Coder’s ordinal assessment of the strategic significance of the engagement.
Primary source URL documenting the engagement. Always populated.
Valores: 12,693 distinct URLs. Most-cited domains: advance-lexis-com.du.idm.oclc.org (1,807), www.gettyimages.com (1,554), search-proquest-com.du.idm.oclc.org (1,385), en.wikipedia.org (702), www.facebook.com (581), du.idm.oclc.org (481), advance.lexis.com (477), digitallibrary.un.org (463), wnc.eastview.com (429).
Second corroborating source URL (optional).
Third corroborating source URL (optional).
Fourth corroborating source URL (optional).
Fifth corroborating source URL (optional).
Field reserved for an attached/archived source document (file type).
Nota: Populated in 366 of 14,848 records.
Coder’s confidence in the record, on a five-level evidential scale (see §6.3). In this release only the two highest levels are used.
Nota: The scale defines five levels (Explicit → Dubious); the current release contains only Explicit and Implied — the lower three are defined but unused.
Name of the coder who entered the record (provenance / inter-coder tracking).
Nota: Coder identities are withheld from the public codebook; the field travels only with the full (gated) dataset.
Free-text narrative summary of the engagement (one paragraph per record). Always populated and near-unique to each record; functions as the human-readable description of the row.
Valores: 14,832 distinct narratives across 14,848 records.
Cada dirigente tem uma única grafia de referência. Uma revisão de todo o ficheiro encontrou oito dirigentes registados com duas grafias (por exemplo Kumba Yalá e Kumba Iala, Hannah e Hanna Tetteh); a versão 1.6 funde-os na grafia já usada pela maioria dos registos, salvo se essa grafia estivesse incompleta ou errada. A lista de variantes acompanha o conjunto de dados e é aplicada automaticamente a cada importação posterior, para que os duplicados não regressem. Os nomes dos interlocutores (campos de texto livre) ficam como foram registados.
Cada dirigente tem uma página de perfil construída a partir dos dados: todos os compromissos registados, destinos, temas e acordos assinados. A breve biografia e o retrato de cada perfil (e do balão biográfico do mapa) são determinados uma vez, quando o site é construído, a partir da Wikipédia e do Wikidata:
A secção Dirigentes — os perfis, o índice de dirigentes, a comparação de dirigentes e as transferências — destina-se a utilizadores registados que iniciem sessão e introduzam o código de acesso Dirigentes fornecido pela Africa Foundation. O mapa, os perfis de países, as Regiões e as Análises continuam abertas a todos.
Cada valor da página Análises é calculado a partir do conjunto de dados publicado sempre que o site é construído, incluindo as palavras que descrevem uma tendência (subiu, desceu, manteve-se próximo de). A unidade de contagem é um destino de um compromisso, como no mapa; os grupos de parceiros (África, Europa, Estados do Golfo e outros) são definidos nessa página.
O conjunto de dados público está arquivado no Zenodo: descarregue a versão 1.6 (dados, codebook legível por máquina e licença num só pacote) ou use o DOI de todas as versões, que remete sempre para a versão mais recente. O conjunto de dados completo, linha a linha e com as fontes, continua disponível para utilizadores registados no Arquivo. Os utilizadores registados também podem descarregar os registos de cada dirigente em CSV ou Excel com as mesmas colunas públicas; a página Versões lista todas as versões.
Esta página é gerada a partir do codebook v5.2, ele próprio produzido por um perfil automatizado, coluna a coluna, do conjunto de dados publicado para a África Oriental e Ocidental no livro de origem (SHA-256 c210045d…). O codebook é reeditado sempre que o ficheiro de origem muda; a base em linha contém atualmente 14.848 entradas.
A base de dados é publicada sob a licença CC BY 4.0. Cite-a com a referência da página Sobre; os trabalhos que a utilizam constam em Publicações.