Données et méthodes

Q1region

Colonne source: 1.) African Region? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: complet

Macro-region of Africa under which the home actor is classified. The file spans five coded regions: the Eastern-Africa module (nineteen states), the fifteen-member ECOWAS belt in full plus Mauritania-less Western Africa (Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone, Mali, Guinea, Niger, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Togo, Benin, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde) and Sudan (Northern Africa), and South Africa (Southern Africa — the fourth region, opened in v4.0); v4.2 adds ten stub groups created by re-orienting team-coded inbound visits into outbound records of the visiting African state (Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Botswana, Namibia — opening Central Africa as the fifth region and extending Northern and Southern Africa); these stub groups are not systematically built.

Q2home_country

Colonne source: 2.) Home Country? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: complet

Sovereign state (or de facto state) the travelling / engaging leader represents (the sending actor). Forty-six home actors across five regions, thirty-six of them systematically coded; the rest are incidental groups created by re-orienting inbound visits.

Q3actor_title

Colonne source: 3.) Title? (King, President, Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, Defense Minister, Finance Minister, etc.) · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: complet

Official office held by the home actor at the time of the engagement. Free office label drawn from an open list; 27 distinct values clustering on heads of state/government and senior ministers.

Note: Top 14 of 27 distinct office labels shown; the tail comprises single- to triple-count ministerial and military-chief titles (State Minister of Finance, Chief of Defence Staff, Minister of Petroleum/Trade/Mining/Investment, Army/Coast-Guard Commander, Special Envoy, etc.).

Q4leader_name

Colonne source: 4.) Leader's Name? · Type: Open text · Couverture: complet

Personal name of the home actor. High-cardinality identifier (579 distinct individuals across the period).

Valeurs: 579 distinct. Most frequent: Uhuru Kenyatta (170), Yoweri Kaguta Museveni (122), William Ruto (111), Paul Kagame (99), Omar al-Bashir (98), Muhammadu Buhari (95), Meles Zenawi (91), Abiy Ahmed (87), Samia Suluhu Hassan (70), Ismail Omar Guelleh (69), Robert Mugabe (69), Hakainde Hichilema (66).

Q5meeting_type

Colonne source: 5.) Meeting Type? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: complet

Modality of the engagement: an in-person trip, a telephone call, or a video conference.

Q6country_visited

Colonne source: 6.) Country Visited/Called/Conferenced? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: complet

Counterpart / host country of the engagement (destination of a visit, or the country of the interlocutor for a call or video conference).

Valeurs: 130 distinct. Most frequent: United States of America (1,416), China (214), Ethiopia (210), France (127), Kenya (121), Tanzania (113), Egypt (101), South Africa (98), United Kingdom (98), Russian Federation (96), Uganda (89), United Arab Emirates (75).

Note: Country labels use long-form controlled values (e.g. “Russian Federation”, “Türkiye”, “United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”).

Q7city_visited

Colonne source: 7.) City Visited/Called/Conferenced? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: 4 357 renseignés / 23 manquants

City in which the engagement took place (for calls, typically the interlocutor’s seat).

Valeurs: 300 distinct. Most frequent: New York (1,214), Addis Ababa (204), Beijing (189), Washington (179), Nairobi (115), Paris (102), London (74), Cairo (73), Kampala (72), Kigali (66), Djibouti City (63), Khartoum (59).

Q8start_date

Colonne source: 8.) Trip/Call/Conference Start Date? · Type: Date (MM/DD/YYYY) · Couverture: complet

First day of the engagement. Stored as text in US MM/DD/YYYY order.

Valeurs: Range 01/01/1990 → 12/30/2025. All 4,380 values parse as valid dates.

Q9end_date

Colonne source: 9.) Trip/Call/Conference End Date? · Type: Date (MM/DD/YYYY) · Couverture: complet

Last day of the engagement (equal to the start date for single-day events).

Valeurs: Range 01/01/1990 → 12/30/2025. All 4,380 values parse as valid dates.

Q10hogs_cotravel

Colonne source: 10.) HoG/S Co-Travel? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether another head of government/state from the home country travelled together with the actor (joint travel).

Q11meet_host_hogs

Colonne source: 11.) Meet with Host Country HoG/S? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether the actor met the host country’s head of government/state.

Q12host_hogs_name

Colonne source: 12.) If Yes, Name? (Title First Name Last Name) · Type: Open text · Couverture: 1 283 renseignés / 3 097 manquants

Name (with title) of the host head of government/state met. Conditional on Q11 = Yes (skip otherwise).

Valeurs: 314 distinct. Frequent counterparts: President Xi Jinping (71), President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni (46), President Vladimir Putin (38), President Ismail Omar Guelleh (38), President Emmanuel Macron (37), President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (34), President Isaias Afwerki (34), President Omar al-Bashir (29), President Hu Jintao (29), President Uhuru Kenyatta (28), Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (28).

Q13meet_host_subhogs

Colonne source: 13.) Met With Host-country Sub-HoG/S Equivalent? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether the actor met a sub-head-of-government counterpart of the host (e.g. a foreign or other senior minister) rather than the HoG/S.

Q14host_subhogs_name

Colonne source: 14.) If Yes, Name? (Title First Name Last Name) · Type: Open text · Couverture: 342 renseignés / 4 038 manquants

Name (with title) of the host-country sub-HoG/S counterpart met. Conditional on Q13 = Yes.

Valeurs: 232 distinct, e.g. Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov (12), Foreign Minister Wang Yi (10), Prime Minister Narendra Modi (8), Secretary of State Antony Blinken (7), Secretary of State Marco Rubio (5).

Q15summit_attend

Colonne source: 15.) Attend a Multilateral Summit or Event? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether the engagement included attendance at a multilateral (heads-level) summit or event.

Q16summit_name

Colonne source: 16.) If Yes, Name of Summit or Event? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 2 648 renseignés / 1 732 manquants

Name of the multilateral summit/event attended. Conditional on Q15 = Yes.

Valeurs: 1,068 distinct, e.g. United Nations Millennium Summit (16), the UN General Assembly General-Debate sessions (up to 13 each), Presidential Inauguration (12), AU Summit (10), FOCAC Beijing Summit 2006 (9).

Q17min_summit_attend

Colonne source: 17.) Attend a Multilateral Ministerial Event or Summit? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether the engagement included a multilateral event at ministerial (sub-heads) level.

Q18min_summit_name

Colonne source: 18.) If Yes, Name of Summit or Event? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 96 renseignés / 4 284 manquants

Name of the ministerial multilateral event. Conditional on Q17 = Yes.

Valeurs: 81 distinct, e.g. the trilateral foreign-ministers’ talks on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (Ethiopia–Sudan–Egypt), BRICS Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, IGAD/AU ministerial meetings.

Q19nonhost_hogs_meet

Colonne source: 19.) Meet HOG/S from Non-host Country? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether the actor met a head of government/state of a third country (not the host), typically on the sidelines of a multilateral event.

Q20nonhost_hogs_names

Colonne source: 20.) If Yes, Name(s)? (Title First Name Last Name; List all) · Type: Open text · Couverture: 205 renseignés / 4 175 manquants

Name(s) of third-country HoG/S met. Multiple names may be listed in one cell. Conditional on Q19 = Yes.

Valeurs: 152 distinct strings; several cells list more than one leader (separated by “;”). Frequent: US President Bill Clinton (6), President Xi Jinping (5), Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (4).

Q21public_address

Colonne source: 21.) Public Address? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether the actor delivered a public address / speech during the engagement.

Q22cultural_site_visit

Colonne source: 22.) Visit/Address Cultural/Historical/Religious Site or Event? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether the engagement included a visit to, or address at, a cultural, historical or religious site or event.

Q23business_leaders_meet

Colonne source: 23.) Meet with Business Leaders? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether the actor met business / private-sector leaders.

Q24io_leader_meet

Colonne source: 24.) Meet with Leader of Int'l Organization? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether the actor met the head of an international organisation.

Q25io_leader_name

Colonne source: 25.) If Yes, Name? (Title First Name Last Name) · Type: Open text · Couverture: 136 renseignés / 4 244 manquants

Name (with title/organisation) of the international-organisation leader met. Conditional on Q24 = Yes.

Valeurs: 91 distinct, e.g. UN Secretaries-General Kofi Annan (11) / Ban Ki-moon / António Guterres, IMF & World Bank officials, IGAD Executive Secretary.

Q26discussion_topics

Colonne source: 26.) Category of Discussion Topic(s)? · Type: Multi-select (comma-separated) · Couverture: complet

One or more thematic categories describing what was discussed. Stored as a comma-separated list drawn from a controlled vocabulary of 23 categories (full list and frequencies in §6.1).

Valeurs: 525 distinct combinations of the 23 base categories. Most frequent single category: Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (present in 3,784 records); most frequent combination: “Regional Organizations and Multilateral Affairs, Diplomacy and Foreign Relations” (880).

Q27agreement_signed

Colonne source: 27.) Signed an Agreement? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Master gate: whether any agreement was signed during the engagement. Opens the four agreement-family blocks (Q28–Q42).

Q28agr_hlp_flag

Colonne source: 28.) High-level Politics (treaty-level) Agreement? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether a high-level political (treaty-level) instrument was signed — peace, alliance and boundary treaties, community accession/establishment treaties and founding conventions, and formal diplomatic-relations instruments.

Q29agr_hlp_type

Colonne source: 29.) If Yes, What Type of High-level Politics (treaty-level) Agreement? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: 76 renseignés / 4 304 manquants

Sub-type of the high-level political instrument. Conditional on Q28 = Yes. The type vocabulary is data-derived and richer than the original three treaty types.

Q30agr_hlp_title

Colonne source: 30.) Title of Agreement? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 40 renseignés / 4 340 manquants

Official / descriptive title of the high-level political instrument (e.g. “Algiers Agreement (Eritrea–Ethiopia)”, “Pretoria Agreement”, “R-ARCSS”). Conditional on Q28 = Yes.

Q31agr_hlp_notes

Colonne source: 31.) Specific Notes? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 47 renseignés / 4 333 manquants

Free-text notes on the high-level political instrument (scope, signing context, dates).

Q32agr_econ_flag

Colonne source: 32.) Economics-related Agreement? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether an economics-related agreement was signed.

Q33agr_econ_type

Colonne source: 33.) If Yes, What Type of Economics-related Agreement? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: 75 renseignés / 4 305 manquants

Sub-type of the economics agreement. Conditional on Q32 = Yes.

Q34agr_econ_title

Colonne source: 34.) Title of Agreement? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 57 renseignés / 4 323 manquants

Title of the economics agreement (e.g. BITs, lines of credit, LAPSSET Corridor agreements, TFTA). Conditional on Q32 = Yes.

Q35agr_econ_notes

Colonne source: 35.) Specific Notes? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 58 renseignés / 4 322 manquants

Free-text notes on the economics agreement (value, parties, verification source).

Q36agr_func_flag

Colonne source: 36.) Functional Cooperation-related Agreement? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether a functional-cooperation agreement was signed.

Q37agr_func_type

Colonne source: 37.) If Yes, What Type of Functional-cooperation Agreement? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: 57 renseignés / 4 323 manquants

Sub-type of the functional-cooperation agreement. Conditional on Q36 = Yes.

Q38agr_func_title

Colonne source: 38.) Title of Agreement? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 45 renseignés / 4 335 manquants

Title of the functional-cooperation agreement. Conditional on Q36 = Yes.

Q39agr_func_notes

Colonne source: 39.) Specific Notes? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 43 renseignés / 4 337 manquants

Free-text notes on the functional-cooperation agreement.

Q40agr_tech_flag

Colonne source: 40.) Technical or Administrative-related Agreement? · Type: Binary (Yes / No) · Couverture: complet

Whether a technical/administrative agreement was signed.

Q41agr_tech_type

Colonne source: 41.) If Yes, What Type of Technical or Administrative-related Agreement? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: 48 renseignés / 4 332 manquants

Sub-type of the technical/administrative agreement. Conditional on Q40 = Yes.

Note: “Memoranda of Understanding” (30) and “Memorandum of Understanding” (1) are number variants of the same label.

Q42agr_tech_title

Colonne source: 42.) Title of Agreement? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 37 renseignés / 4 343 manquants

Title of the technical/administrative agreement. Conditional on Q40 = Yes.

Q43agr_tech_notes

Colonne source: 43.) Specific Notes? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 35 renseignés / 4 345 manquants

Free-text notes on the technical/administrative agreement.

Q44status_provisional

Colonne source: 44.) Still in the Provisional Status? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: complet

Whether a signed agreement remains provisional (not yet entered into force). “N/A” marks records with no agreement.

Q45provisional_sig_date

Colonne source: 45.) If Yes, Signature Day? · Type: Date (MM/DD/YYYY) · Couverture: 10 renseignés / 4 370 manquants

Signature date of a provisional agreement (MM/DD/YYYY). Sparsely populated.

Q46status_ratified

Colonne source: 46.) Ratified? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: complet

Whether the agreement has been ratified. “N/A” marks records with no agreement.

Q47ratification_date

Colonne source: 47.) If Yes, Ratification Date? · Type: Date (MM/DD/YYYY) · Couverture: 5 renseignés / 4 375 manquants

Ratification date (MM/DD/YYYY). Conditional on Q46 = Yes; sparsely populated.

Q48status_terminated

Colonne source: 48.) Terminated? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: complet

Whether the agreement has been terminated. “N/A” marks records with no agreement.

Q49termination_date

Colonne source: 49.) If Yes, Termination Date? · Type: Date (MM/DD/YYYY) · Couverture: 1 renseignés / 4 379 manquants

Termination date (MM/DD/YYYY). One value present.

Q50strategic_importance

Colonne source: 50.) Strategic Importance? (High, Medium, Low) · Type: Categorical (ordinal) · Couverture: complet

Coder’s ordinal assessment of the strategic significance of the engagement.

Q51source_link_1

Colonne source: 51.) Source Link 1? · Type: Open text · Couverture: complet

Primary source URL documenting the engagement. Always populated.

Valeurs: 2,790 distinct URLs. Most-cited domains: en.wikipedia.org (760), digitallibrary.un.org (521), u.afp.com (226), gadebate.un.org (225), allafrica.com (193), ask.un.org (183), advance.lexis.com (158), history.state.gov (73), mfaethiopia.blog (73).

Q52source_link_2

Colonne source: 52.) Source Link 2? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 1 554 renseignés / 2 826 manquants

Second corroborating source URL (optional).

Q53source_link_3

Colonne source: 53.) Source Link 3? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 310 renseignés / 4 070 manquants

Third corroborating source URL (optional).

Q54source_link_4

Colonne source: 54.) Source Link 4? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 96 renseignés / 4 284 manquants

Fourth corroborating source URL (optional).

Q55source_link_5

Colonne source: 55.) Source Link 5? · Type: Open text · Couverture: 34 renseignés / 4 346 manquants

Fifth corroborating source URL (optional).

Q56source_document

Colonne source: 56.) Source Document? (pdf, doc, docx, mp3, mp4, jpeg, png, etc.) · Type: Open text · Couverture: 0 renseignés / 4 380 manquants

Field reserved for an attached/archived source document (file type).

Note: Entirely empty in this release (0 / 4,380 populated).

Q57confidence_level

Colonne source: 57.) Confidence Level? (Explicit, Implied, Assumed, Guessed, Dubious) · Type: Categorical (ordinal) · Couverture: complet

Coder’s confidence in the record, on a five-level evidential scale (see §6.3). In this release only the two highest levels are used.

Note: The scale defines five levels (Explicit → Dubious); the current release contains only Explicit and Implied — the lower three are defined but unused.

Q58coder_name

Colonne source: 58.) Name of Coder? · Type: Categorical (nominal) · Couverture: complet

Name of the coder who entered the record (provenance / inter-coder tracking).

Note: Coder identities are withheld from the public codebook; the field travels only with the full (gated) dataset.

Q59additional_info

Colonne source: 59.) Additional Info? · Type: Open text · Couverture: complet

Free-text narrative summary of the engagement (one paragraph per record). Always populated and near-unique to each record; functions as the human-readable description of the row.

Valeurs: 4,357 distinct narratives across 4,380 records.